Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between particulate matter (PM) exposure and melanoma risk remains largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the association between PM10 and PM2.5 long‐term exposure and melanoma risk.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Case–control study involving 2575 participants, comprising 1473 melanoma patients and 1102 healthy controls attending Departments of Dermatology of University Hospital in North and Central Italy. Demographic data, smoking status, history of sunburns and skin type were collected. PM10 and PM2.5 exposure levels were estimated for each participant's residential address using a Bayesian hierarchical model, providing daily concentrations at a 1 km<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> spatial resolution from 2013 to 2021. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PM exposure and melanoma risk, adjusting for potential confounders.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Melanoma patients and controls were 52% males and had a mean age of 63.89 and 61.66 years, respectively. The majority of melanoma patients had Fitzpatrick phototypes 2 (59%) and 3 (36%). There were no significant differences in the geographical distribution of cases and controls based on ZIP codes (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.894). The average melanoma Breslow thickness was 1.01 mm, with 68.15% of cases diagnosed at stage 0 and IA. The multivariate logistic regression revealed a protective effect for higher PM10 (OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.86–0.92, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and PM2.5 levels (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.68–0.76, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Darker skin phototypes (Fitzpatrick 4) and cigarette smoking were also associated with a reduced risk of melanoma.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Higher levels of PM10 and PM2.5 may have a protective effect against melanoma, potentially due to the reduction in ultraviolet radiation exposure. Further research to understand the complex interactions between environmental factors and melanoma risk are needed.</jats:p></jats:sec>

publication_history

received

accepted

published

The descriptive epidemiology of melanoma in Italy has changed ‐ for the better

Ital J Dermatol Venerol

A spatiotemporal analysis of NO2 concentrations during the Italian 2020 COVID‐19 lockdown

Environment

The relationship between particulate matter (PM) exposure and melanoma risk remains largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the association between PM10 and PM2.5 long-term exposure and melanoma risk.
Case-control study involving 2575 participants, comprising 1473 melanoma patients and 1102 healthy controls attending Departments of Dermatology of University Hospital in North and Central Italy. Demographic data, smoking status, history of sunburns and skin type were collected. PM10 and PM2.5 exposure levels were estimated for each participant's residential address using a Bayesian hierarchical model, providing daily concentrations at a 1 km
Melanoma patients and controls were 52% males and had a mean age of 63.89 and 61.66 years, respectively. The majority of melanoma patients had Fitzpatrick phototypes 2 (59%) and 3 (36%). There were no significant differences in the geographical distribution of cases and controls based on ZIP codes (p = 0.894). The average melanoma Breslow thickness was 1.01 mm, with 68.15% of cases diagnosed at stage 0 and IA. The multivariate logistic regression revealed a protective effect for higher PM10 (OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.86-0.92, p < 0.001) and PM2.5 levels (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.68-0.76, p < 0.001). Darker skin phototypes (Fitzpatrick 4) and cigarette smoking were also associated with a reduced risk of melanoma.
Higher levels of PM10 and PM2.5 may have a protective effect against melanoma, potentially due to the reduction in ultraviolet radiation exposure. Further research to understand the complex interactions between environmental factors and melanoma risk are needed.

Impact of particulate matter exposure on melanoma risk: A multicentre case-control study.

Impact of particulate matter exposure on melanoma risk: A multicentre case–control study

JAMA Dermatology

<jats:sec id="ab-dbr240005-4"><jats:title>Importance</jats:title><jats:p>Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is an increasingly prevalent form of follicular lichen planus, causing irreversible hair loss predominantly in postmenopausal individuals. An earlier genome-wide meta-analysis of female FFA identified risk loci in genes implicated in self-antigen presentation and T-cell homeostasis, including HLA-B*07:02, <jats:italic>ST3GAL1</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>SEMA4B</jats:italic>. However, <jats:italic>CYP1B1</jats:italic>, which is important for hormone metabolism, was also implicated with the substitution of serine for asparagine at position 453 (c.1358A&amp;amp;gt;G, p.Asn453Ser) exhibiting a protective effect against FFA. Increasing understanding of genetic and environmental variables and their interactions will improve understanding of disease pathogenesis and has the potential to inform risk mitigation strategies.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-dbr240005-5"><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use modulates the protective effect of the common missense variant in <jats:italic>CYP1B1</jats:italic> (c.1358A&amp;amp;gt;G, p.Asn453Ser) on FFA risk.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-dbr240005-6"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants</jats:title><jats:p>This gene-environment interaction study using a case-control design enrolled female patients with FFA from UK-based dermatology clinics. The patients were matched with unrelated age- and ancestry-matched female control individuals derived from UK Biobank in a 1:66 ratio, determined by the first 4 principal components from genome-wide genotypes. Data were collected from July 2015 to September 2017, and analyzed from October 2022 to December 2023.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-dbr240005-7"><jats:title>Main Outcome and Measure</jats:title><jats:p>The main outcomes were the modulatory effect of OCP use on the contribution of the <jats:italic>CYP1B1</jats:italic> missense variant to female FFA risk and a formal gene-environment interaction test evaluated by a logistic regression model with a multiplicative interaction term, under the assumptions of an additive genetic model interaction term, under the assumptions of an additive genetic model.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-dbr240005-8"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Of the 489 female patients with FFA, the mean (SD) age was 65.8 (9.7) years, and 370 (75.7%) had a history of OCP use. Of the 34 254 age- and ancestry-matched control individuals, the mean (SD) age was 65.0 (8.4) years, and previous OCP use was reported in 31 177 (91.0%). An association between female FFA and the <jats:italic>CYP1B1</jats:italic> risk allele was observed in individuals who reported OCP use (odds ratio, 1.90 [95% CI, 1.50-2.40]; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 8.41 × 10<jats:sup>−8</jats:sup>) but not in those with no documented exposure to OCPs (odds ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.82-1.64]; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .39). A full gene-environment interaction model demonstrated a significant additive statistical interaction between c.1358A, p.453Asn, and history of OCP use on FFA risk (OR for interaction, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.07-2.46]; P = .02)</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="ab-dbr240005-9"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance</jats:title><jats:p>This gene-environment interaction analysis suggests that the protective effect of the <jats:italic>CYP1B1</jats:italic> missense variant on FFA risk might be mediated by exposure to OCPs. The allele that encodes an asparagine at position 453 of <jats:italic>CYP1B1</jats:italic> was associated with increased odds of FFA only in participants with OCP history.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Cytochrome P450 1B1: role in health and disease and effect of nutrition on its expression.

RSC Adv

Genome-wide association study in frontal fibrosing alopecia identifies four susceptibility loci including HLA-B*07:02.

Nat Commun

Proteasomal degradation of human CYP1B1: effect of the Asn453Ser polymorphism on the post-translational regulation of CYP1B1 expression.

Mol Pharmacol

Genetic polymorphisms in catalase and CYP1B1 determine DNA adduct formation by benzo(a)pyrene ex vivo.

Mutagenesis

Catalytic properties of polymorphic human cytochrome P450 1B1 variants.

Carcinogenesis

Frontal fibrosing alopecia: an example of disrupted aryl hydrocarbon receptor–mediated immunological homeostasis in the skin?

Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol

Frontal fibrosing alopecia: an update on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Am J Clin Dermatol

Risk factors associated with frontal fibrosing alopecia: a multicentre case-control study.

Clin Exp Dermatol

Frontal fibrosing alopecia: reflections and hypotheses on aetiology and pathogenesis.

Exp Dermatol

History of oral contraceptive drugs and their use worldwide.

Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab

Shared genetic risk variants in both male and female frontal fibrosing alopecia.

J Invest Dermatol

Comparison of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of UK Biobank participants with those of the general population.

Am J Epidemiol

Patterns of oral contraceptive use in the United Kingdom.

Br J Rheumatol

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is an increasingly prevalent form of follicular lichen planus, causing irreversible hair loss predominantly in postmenopausal individuals. An earlier genome-wide meta-analysis of female FFA identified risk loci in genes implicated in self-antigen presentation and T-cell homeostasis, including HLA-B*07:02, ST3GAL1, and SEMA4B. However, CYP1B1, which is important for hormone metabolism, was also implicated with the substitution of serine for asparagine at position 453 (c.1358A>G, p.Asn453Ser) exhibiting a protective effect against FFA. Increasing understanding of genetic and environmental variables and their interactions will improve understanding of disease pathogenesis and has the potential to inform risk mitigation strategies.
To investigate whether oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use modulates the protective effect of the common missense variant in CYP1B1 (c.1358A>G, p.Asn453Ser) on FFA risk.
This gene-environment interaction study using a case-control design enrolled female patients with FFA from UK-based dermatology clinics. The patients were matched with unrelated age- and ancestry-matched female control individuals derived from UK Biobank in a 1:66 ratio, determined by the first 4 principal components from genome-wide genotypes. Data were collected from July 2015 to September 2017, and analyzed from October 2022 to December 2023.
The main outcomes were the modulatory effect of OCP use on the contribution of the CYP1B1 missense variant to female FFA risk and a formal gene-environment interaction test evaluated by a logistic regression model with a multiplicative interaction term, under the assumptions of an additive genetic model interaction term, under the assumptions of an additive genetic model.
Of the 489 female patients with FFA, the mean (SD) age was 65.8 (9.7) years, and 370 (75.7%) had a history of OCP use. Of the 34 254 age- and ancestry-matched control individuals, the mean (SD) age was 65.0 (8.4) years, and previous OCP use was reported in 31 177 (91.0%). An association between female FFA and the CYP1B1 risk allele was observed in individuals who reported OCP use (odds ratio, 1.90 [95% CI, 1.50-2.40]; P = 8.41 × 10-8) but not in those with no documented exposure to OCPs (odds ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.82-1.64]; P = .39). A full gene-environment interaction model demonstrated a significant additive statistical interaction between c.1358A, p.453Asn, and history of OCP use on FFA risk (OR for interaction, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.07-2.46]; P = .02).
This gene-environment interaction analysis suggests that the protective effect of the CYP1B1 missense variant on FFA risk might be mediated by exposure to OCPs. The allele that encodes an asparagine at position 453 of CYP1B1 was associated with increased odds of FFA only in participants with OCP history.

Gene-Environment Interaction Between CYP1B1 and Oral Contraception on Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia.

Gene-Environment Interaction Between <i>CYP1B1</i> and Oral Contraception on Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Lichen striatus (LS) is an acquired skin disorder with a linear pattern along Blaschko's lines. It commonly occurs in childhood, and the lesions spontaneously regress within several months.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>Although up to 50% of LS cases exhibit hypopigmentation that can persist for several months to years, it is unknown why LS is associated with such a high incidence of hypopigmentation compared to other inflammatory skin diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the differences in the skin microbiome between LS patients with and without hypopigmentation.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Differences in skin microbiome were analysed using whole genome sequencing of skin biopsies and subsequent bioinformatics analyses.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Some microbes commonly found in hypopigmented skin disorders, including <jats:italic>Cutibacterium acnes</jats:italic>, were more abundant in patients with LS showing hypopigmentation than in those not showing hypopigmentation.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>The skin microbiota may be involved in the development of hypopigmentation in LS and may be considered a treatment target to reduce LS duration and hypopigmentation.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Lichen striatus following BCG vaccination in an infant

Indian Pediatr

Lichen striatus (LS) is an acquired skin disorder with a linear pattern along Blaschko's lines. It commonly occurs in childhood, and the lesions spontaneously regress within several months.
Although up to 50% of LS cases exhibit hypopigmentation that can persist for several months to years, it is unknown why LS is associated with such a high incidence of hypopigmentation compared to other inflammatory skin diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the differences in the skin microbiome between LS patients with and without hypopigmentation.
Differences in skin microbiome were analysed using whole genome sequencing of skin biopsies and subsequent bioinformatics analyses.
Some microbes commonly found in hypopigmented skin disorders, including Cutibacterium acnes, were more abundant in patients with LS showing hypopigmentation than in those not showing hypopigmentation.
The skin microbiota may be involved in the development of hypopigmentation in LS and may be considered a treatment target to reduce LS duration and hypopigmentation.

Association between the skin microbiome and lichen striatus hypopigmentation: Cutibacterium acnes as a potential cause.

Association between the skin microbiome and lichen striatus hypopigmentation: <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> as a potential cause

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Connections between long‐term use of topical corticosteroids (TCSs) of varying potency and osteoporosis and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) are unclear. Susceptibility to adverse bone effects of TCSs in different sex, age and ethnic groups is unknown too.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>To demonstrate the association between cumulative dose of TCSs of varying potency and osteoporosis and MOF in Taiwanese population, with stratified analysis of sex and age.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a nationwide case–control study and obtained data from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Cumulative TCS doses in different exposure periods were calculated, and the potency of TCSs was converted to prednisolone equivalent. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for osteoporosis and MOF associated with TCS use.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>From 2017 to 2020, 129,682 osteoporosis cases and 34,999 MOF cases were selected and randomly matched with 518,728 and 139,996 controls by sex and age. We found clear dose–response relationships between long‐term TCS exposure and osteoporosis and MOF. For example, compared to no TCS use, adjusted ORs of osteoporosis were 1.216 (95% CI 1.189–1.243), 1.260 (95% CI, 1.241–1.280) and 1.341 (95% CI, 1.314–1.369) for exposure to low, medium and high cumulative TCS doses, respectively, over 5 years. Adjusted ORs of MOF were 1.118 (95% CI 1.069–1.170), 1.191 (95% CI, 1.156–1.227) and 1.288 (95% CI, 1.238–1.340) for exposure to low, medium and high cumulative TCS doses, respectively, over 5 years. Stratified analysis showed women had higher ORs of osteoporosis and MOF compared to men. Younger people (&lt;50 years) had highest OR of osteoporosis compared to other age groups.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Higher cumulative TCS dose was associated with increased risk of osteoporosis and MOF. Long‐term use of TCSs should be cautious, especially in susceptible populations such as women and young people.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Secular trends in incidence of osteoporosis in Taiwan: a nationwide population‐based study

Biom J

Global burden of disease 2017 cirrhosis collaborators. The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990‐2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017

Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol

Glucocorticoids induce bone and muscle atrophy by tissue‐specific mechanisms upstream of E3 ubiquitin ligases

Endocrinology

Connections between long-term use of topical corticosteroids (TCSs) of varying potency and osteoporosis and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) are unclear. Susceptibility to adverse bone effects of TCSs in different sex, age and ethnic groups is unknown too.
To demonstrate the association between cumulative dose of TCSs of varying potency and osteoporosis and MOF in Taiwanese population, with stratified analysis of sex and age.
We conducted a nationwide case-control study and obtained data from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Cumulative TCS doses in different exposure periods were calculated, and the potency of TCSs was converted to prednisolone equivalent. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for osteoporosis and MOF associated with TCS use.
From 2017 to 2020, 129,682 osteoporosis cases and 34,999 MOF cases were selected and randomly matched with 518,728 and 139,996 controls by sex and age. We found clear dose-response relationships between long-term TCS exposure and osteoporosis and MOF. For example, compared to no TCS use, adjusted ORs of osteoporosis were 1.216 (95% CI 1.189-1.243), 1.260 (95% CI, 1.241-1.280) and 1.341 (95% CI, 1.314-1.369) for exposure to low, medium and high cumulative TCS doses, respectively, over 5 years. Adjusted ORs of MOF were 1.118 (95% CI 1.069-1.170), 1.191 (95% CI, 1.156-1.227) and 1.288 (95% CI, 1.238-1.340) for exposure to low, medium and high cumulative TCS doses, respectively, over 5 years. Stratified analysis showed women had higher ORs of osteoporosis and MOF compared to men. Younger people (<50 years) had highest OR of osteoporosis compared to other age groups.
Higher cumulative TCS dose was associated with increased risk of osteoporosis and MOF. Long-term use of TCSs should be cautious, especially in susceptible populations such as women and young people.

Higher cumulative dose of topical corticosteroids is associated with osteoporosis and major osteoporotic fracture: A nationwide case-control study.

Higher cumulative dose of topical corticosteroids is associated with osteoporosis and major osteoporotic fracture: A nationwide case–control study

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

publisher

articletitle

journaltitle

articlelink

content_type

copyright

Dermatology Foundation

Prevalence of contact allergy in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Contact Dermatitis

Age-related differences in patch testing results among children: analysis of North American contact dermatitis group data, 2001-2018

J Am Acad Dermatol

Patterns of atopic eczema disease activity from birth through midlife in 2 British birth cohorts

JAMA Dermatol

Can atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis coexist?

Cutis

Pediatric contact dermatitis registry data on contact allergy in children with atopic dermatitis

Terminology of contact dermatitis

Acta Derm Venereol

Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis

The burden of atopic dermatitis: summary of a report for the National Eczema Association

The role and diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis in patients with atopic dermatitis

Contact allergy-emerging allergens and public health impact

Int J Environ Res Public Health

Atopic dermatitis

N Engl J Med

North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results: 2017-2018

Dermatitis

Prevalence of fragrance allergy

Dermatology

Propolis: its role and efficacy in human health and diseases

Molecules

Cocamidopropyl betaine is commonly found in hypoallergenic personal care products for children

Expanded series and personalized patch tests for children: a retrospective cohort study

Positive patch test reactions to carba mix and thiuram mix: the North American Contact Dermatitis Group experience (1994-2016)

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by synthetic rubber gloves in healthcare workers: sensitization to 1,3-diphenylguanidine is common

Medical adhesive allergens: retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2001-2018

Assessment of the quality of life (QoL) of patients with dermatitis and the impact of patch testing on QoL: a study of 519 patients diagnosed with dermatitis

An economic evaluation of patch testing in the diagnosis and management of allergic contact dermatitis

Am J Contact Dermat

As both allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis (AD) have similar clinical presentations and are characterized by spongiotic dermatitis on skin biopsy, many children with AD are not referred for patch testing and allergic contact dermatitis is underdiagnosed.
To provide updated prevalence data of common contact allergens in children with and without AD.
This is a retrospective case-control study using the Pediatric Allergic Contact Dermatitis Registry from 2018 to 2022.
A total of 912 children were included (615 with AD and 297 without AD). Children with AD were more likely to have a longer history of dermatitis (4.1 vs 1.6 years, P < .0001), have seen more providers (2.3 vs 2.1, P = .003), have greater than 1 positive patch test (PPT) result (P = .005), have a greater number of PPT results overall (2.3 vs 1.9, P = .012), and have a more generalized distribution of dermatitis (P = .001). PPT to bacitracin (P = .030), carba mix (P = .025), and cocamidopropyl betaine (P = .0007) were significantly increased in children with AD compared to those without AD.
Technical variation between providers and potential for misclassification, selection, and recall biases.
Children with AD are significantly more likely to have PPT reactions and should be referred for evaluation of allergic contact dermatitis and obtain patch testing.

Prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis in children with and without atopic dermatitis: A multicenter retrospective case-control study.

Prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis in children with and without atopic dermatitis: A multicenter retrospective case-control study

Papers